What's Heterogenous Network (Hetnet)?

A heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a type of network architecture that combines multiple access technologies and different types of cells to provide seamless connectivity and improve network performance. In a HetNet, cells of different sizes and characteristics are deployed together, such as macro cells, micro cells, and pico cells, to optimize network coverage and capacity.

In a traditional mobile network, a single type of cell, typically macro cells, is used to provide coverage over a large area. However, as mobile data usage continues to grow, the capacity of these cells can become overwhelmed, leading to poor network performance and dropped calls. A HetNet addresses this issue by deploying cells of varying sizes and types, which can be dynamically allocated based on the network load.

A HetNet typically consists of three layers of cells: macro, small, and very small cells. Macro cells cover large areas and are typically used for outdoor coverage, while small cells, such as micro cells and pico cells, are used to provide coverage in areas with high user density, such as shopping malls, stadiums, and airports. Very small cells, such as femto cells, are used to provide coverage in indoor areas, such as homes and offices.

HetNets can be challenging to deploy and manage due to the complexity of the network architecture and the need to coordinate multiple access technologies. However, they offer significant benefits, including improved network performance, better coverage and capacity, and reduced interference. HetNets are becoming increasingly important as mobile data usage continues to grow and new technologies, such as 5G, require more efficient use of network resources.